Repeatability measure for broadband 4D seismic

Future time-lapse broadband surveys should provide better reservoir monitoring resolution by extending the 4D signal bandwidth. In this paper, we will review the consequence of extending the signal bandwidth for the computation of 4D attributes, primarily the widely used repeatability measurement NRMS. The re-formulation of NRMS shows the sensitivity of the repeatability metric with regards to signal time-shift and signal bandwidth. Broadening the 4D signal bandwidth will result in an increase of the overall NRMS value for an equivalent seismic data with the same level on non-repeatable noise. To compare the quality of 4D seismic, regardless of bandwidth, we propose a new repeatability measure called CNRMS. The bandwidth Calibrated NRMS provides repeatability metric for any 4D seismic as it would be calculated with a reference signal bandwidth. In order to extend the 4D signal bandwidth without compromising the repeatability, we propose that up-going pressure wavefields extracted from dual-sensor streamer are used for base and monitor surveys. It ensures the HF repeatability and highest 4D resolution.