Quantifying 4D Repeatability Improvements with Evolutionary Acquisition on the Gullfaks Field, North Sea

This article presents quantitative measures of geometrical repeatability versus time-lapse data quality, showing the advantages of the deep-tow multisensor streamer acquisition for 4D projects. Authors demonstrate that the multisensor streamer enabled the optimization of the acquisition turnaround together with the improvement of the 4D data quality. They propose to look at both the NRMS and the fNRMS attributes (NRMS value calculated per single frequency) to evaluate 4D repeatability and therefore data quality improvements with evolving acquisition technology over the last 34 years of the reservoir monitoring program over the Gullfaks field, North Sea.