Extending the 3D primary image with multiples and mirrors

This presentation reviews imaging technologies applied to both primaries and multiples, with particular emphasis on the value of multiples in wide azimuth scenarios. Included is a discussion of imaging principles, extraction of offset and angle dependent measurements, and mitigation of crosstalk. Whether multiples are considered as a replacement for unrecorded primaries, or complementary(or redundant) measurements to primaries, a more complete image of the subsurface can be produced by including both primaries and multiples in the imaging process. In some cases, the multiples image is superior to the primaries. Examples show the additional value multiples contribute in3D wide azimuth scenarios: multi-streamer surface acquisition, ocean bottom seismic and 3D VSPs. Included is a prognosis for future - including advances in imaging methods and the trade-offs of acquisition sampling(cost) and image quality.