Technical Library

Contemporary depth imaging projects often require final pre-Stack Depth-Migrations (preSDM) to be converted to time for comparison to vintage pre-Stack Time-Migrations (preSTM), or to facilitate...

Unresolved velocity anomalies lead to distortion in images: consequently, much effort has gone into developing model-building techniques to identify such anomalies. Historically, the industry has...

To produce a reliable image of the subsurface, we must use a depth-migration scheme that requires a detailed model of the parameter fields for use by migration. Obtaining reliable values of all...

Migration of seismic data is the process that attempts to build an image of the Earth’s interior from recorded field data, by repositioning these data into their ‘true’ geological position in the...

Conventional seismic data processing, whether pre-stack data conditioning or migration, is designed with the theory of P-wave reflected energy in mind for travel paths involving only a single...

Velocity dispersion is not usually a problem in surface seismic data processing, as the seismic bandwidth is relatively narrow and thus for most Q values, dispersive effects are not noticeable....

Seismic signal processing often involves the use of various data transforms. The concept of a transform is reviewed along with the notion of orthogonality, which is one of the main properties that...

Much of the thinking behind conventional geophysical processing assumes that we wanted to image energy that propagates down from the surface of the earth, scatters from a reflector or diffractor, and...

Almost all conventional pre-processing is conceived of with one-way wave propagation in-mind. If we take into account the existence of two-way wave propagation arrival events, then many of the...

Here we review several of the model building techniques introduced over the past decade or so, with emphasis on the assumptions and limitations of each technique. Model building techniques are...