Technical Library

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) utilizes refractions and reflections to improve the accuracy and resolution of the earth subsurface models. The use of refractions is limited by the maximum offset of...

To obtain a permit for any seismic survey it is often necessary to demonstrate the potential impact of seismic sources on any marine mammals present in the survey area. This is called environmental...

Understanding the elastic properties of reservoirs in exploration can be very challenging - due mainly to the lack of well information, limited regional geological understanding, and the quality and...

Velocity model building for seismic imaging is commonly performed with tomography and full wave inversion (FWI). Both techniques are time consuming and need significant human intervention. Machine...

Swell noise attenuation is an important part of a seismic processing flow and is often subject to extensive testing. The optimal parameters will often not only vary between surveys, but also within a...

In this paper we discuss the results from a shallow water 2D field test that PGS acquired in the autumn of 2019 offshore Malaysia using the continuous wavefields method. The primary purpose of this...

A 500 km2 proof-of-concept project in deep-water Canada demonstrated the benefits of combining recently acquired multisensor streamer data and new imaging technologies to produce a detailed velocity...

The Viking Graben is a mature exploration area on the Norwegian Continental Shelf that still suffers from illumination and resolution challenges that reprocessing alone cannot solve. In the following...

Seismic amplitudes can be biased by uneven illumination in the presence of a complex overburden. Iterative Least Squares Migration (LSM) can reduce the amplitude bias and improve the resolution of...

Full integrity PSDM data from the 2019 PGS GEoStreamer X acquisition program in the Lille Prinsen area of the Viking Graben is now available. It delivers on all its promises to provide the highest...

During the last decades, broadband seismic surveys became more prevalent and for several years this has also been used for time-lapse seismic monitoring of hydrocarbon producing fields or CO2 storage...

This work describes a method for computing the full acoustic seismic wavefield using a new two-way equation parameterized by vector reflectivity and velocity. This method is contrasted with full...

I discuss the important similarities and distinctions between RTM (Reverse Time Migration), LS-RTM and FWI, and also relate their fundamental reliance upon back-projection to Deep Neural Network...

Andrew Long attempts to explain FWI in accessible terms by presenting the critical steps for the methodology to yield useful results, and refers to some common ambitions of the many industry and...