Survey design for 3D and 4D marine seismic surveys is critical to achieve the specific subsurface data objective.

Planning a Marine Seismic Survey Help to Predict Costs and Emissions

The interplay between the earth, the acquisition geometry, the environmental and operating conditions, and the processing and imaging workflow, all contribute to the success of the project and the final seismic results.

One should not overcomplicate modeling. Robust information can be derived from the intelligent use of simple models. Modeling of synthetic seismic data using representative earth models should aim to understand the significance of different acquisition geometry parameters. If real seismic data is available, comparison against the model will add confidence to the decisions made.

Nucleus

Nucleus+

Nucleus+ is the industry's preferred software solution for pre-survey source modeling and elastic synthetic seismic modeling of marine seismic surveys. The package automates many modeling-related tasks and analyses.

Spatial sampling

Temporal and Spatial Sampling

Temporal and spatial sampling considerations determine how the source array configuration of airguns

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Offset Sampling

Dense near-offset coverage improves shallow imaging resolution and computation of intercept and gradient terms during amplitude-based subsurface characterization studies.

Azimuths

Azimuth Sampling

The offset-azimuth coverage necessary for subsurface imaging is explicitly linked to the nature of the depth imaging workflow required. 

eSeismic

Environmental Emissions

Modeling of the output and propagation of sound for a survey location is a routine part of modern survey planning, paired with an impact assessment for time and place. The reporting of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions is also increasingly mandated and focuses on CO2 emissions.

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4D Survey Design

4D seismic monitoring of reservoir depletion, often assisted by enhanced recovery processes, relies upon the acquisition geometry being as close to identical as possible for all surveys used in the time lapse.

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